Analysis and countermeasures of abnormal fracturing mechanism

when some special bed stratums, such as coalbed, malm, lava, conglomerate, were fractured, the geometries of fractures were diversified. The following abnormal phenomena would occur, such as midway turning of fractures, great increase of filter loss, and abnormal operation pressure. These phenomena have been realized by technicians, but the corresponding countermeasures for these phenomena were quite different, which affected the production increase extent. By analyzing the fracture extension mechanism of abnormal fracturing, and summarizing the experiences and lessons of former operations, the optimized operation procedures were developed, which improved the production increase extent and made a breakthrough for fracturing operations in special bed stratums.