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Research and test on key technology of effective oil recovery by gravity flooding with buried hill gas injection
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摘要: 华北油田古潜山油藏于20世纪90年代开展注氮气重力驱提高采收率试验，在试验区形成了“气顶-富集油带-底水”的格局，采用先期裸眼完井利用旧井采油，只出气不出油。为此，进行了油藏工程、采油工艺一体化研究，提出“隔、控、分”结合的采油工艺设计理念，认为克服重力分异、密度差影响的有效驻留承压堵漏是隔绝气相、水相与井筒直接沟通的关键。借助火山熔岩喷发、岩浆冷凝堆积的自然原理，基于热敏树脂特殊的温敏流变性能，克服重力分异影响，形成了“滞留温控闪凝”承压堵漏工艺技术，解决了高角度大缝大洞发育储层恶性漏失影响固井完井质量的难题，结合人工举升控制生产压差，实现了有限厚度富集油的有效采出，坚定了古潜山发展注气重力驱的信心。Abstract: The pattern of "gas cap-oil enrichment zone-bottom water" zone was formed in the experiment of nitrogen gravity flooding for enhanced oil-recovery at buried hill reservoir of Huabei Oilfield in 1990s, however only yield gas but no oil produced by pre-openhole completion. How to effectively extract the enriched oil under highly limited oil column by gravity drived had been troubled for more than 20 years. In the integrated research of reservoir engineering and oil production process, the oil production engineering design concept of "separation, control and division" was put forward, and the key isolation of the direct communication between gas, water phase and wellbore was effective resident pressure-plugging that overcome the effect of gravity differentiation and density difference. With the help of the natural principle of volcanic lava eruption and magma condensate accumulation, the pressure plugging technology of "retained temperature-controlled flash coagulation" against gravity was created by peculiar temperature-sensitive rheological property of thermal sensitive resin.It could solve the problem of the poor cementing quality of deepening well completion, which caused by malignant leakage in pore-fracture-hole reservoir developedwith high angle large hole, combined with production pressure controlled by artificial lifting, thus effectively recover the limited thickness rich-oil. It has strengthened the confidence of the development ofgas injection gravity drive in the buried hill.
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图 3 高角度裂缝内气顶(灰色)与水相(蓝色)堵漏
Figure 3. Gas cap (grey) and water phase (blue) plugging in high Angle crack
图 7 树脂缩聚闪凝反应现象(评价温度：90~120 ℃)
Figure 7. Polycondensation flash coagulation reaction of resin from left:raw solution, reaction, viscosity, flash coagulation, curing (T: 90~120 ℃)
图 8 闪凝排量和温差控制温度剖面(以油藏储层温度130℃为例)
Figure 8. Flash coagulation displacement and temperature difference control temperature profile
图 9 温控闪凝堵漏示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of temperature control flash coagulation plugging
表 1 热敏树脂性能指标
Table 1. Performance index of thermosensitive resin
地面黏度/(mPa · s) 可控反应时间/h 抗拉强度/MPa 抗压强度MPa 抗剪切强度/MPa 酸溶率/% 碱溶率/% 盐溶率/% 300~600 2~8 10.8~13.1 18.3~87 9.2~28.9 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 
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表 2 Y340井气柱段承压堵漏效果
Table 2. Plugging effect of pressure in gas column section of well Y340
堵漏工艺 裸眼留塞/m 吸水/(m3 · h) 循环漏失量/(m3 · h) 堵后承压/MPa 堵前 堵后 堵前 堵后 常规堵漏 21.69 36.4 21 30.8 7.2 — 驻留温控闪凝 32.96 18 0 6.5 0 15
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