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Fracture optimization for horizontal wells in low permeability reservoir
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摘要: 针对低渗透油藏压裂水平井裂缝参数难确定的问题，在某低渗透油藏概念模型的基础上，结合裂缝性低渗透油藏的实验研究，运用油藏数值模拟方法，对压裂水平井的裂缝参数包括裂缝方位、裂缝位置、裂缝条数和非均匀裂缝长度等影响因素进行了优化研究。研究结果表明，在概念模型的基础上，考虑直井注水水平井采油的井型组合时，水平采油井走向应垂直于最大主应力方向，且裂缝方位应平行于最大主应力；裂缝最优缝数为3条，且裂缝最优间距为水平井水平段长度的0.23～0.30倍；对于非均匀裂缝长度的3条裂缝，中间缝较长两端缝较短的部署方式为最优。通过本次数值模拟研究发现，低渗透油藏压裂水平井的裂缝参数确实存在最优情况，实际油田应根据不同的模型类型考虑优化各裂缝参数。Abstract: Since it was difficult to determine the fracture parameters of fractured horizontal wells in low permeability reservoir, on the basis of the concept model and experimental study, this paper used reservoir simulation method to optimize fracture parameters, including fracture azimuth，fracture position, fracture number and non-uniform fracture length. The results show that the horizontal oil well should be perpendicular to the direction of maximum principal stress and the fracture azimuth should be parallel to it when straight well floods and horizontal well produces. The optimal fracture number is three and optimum distance is 0.23~0.30 times of horizontal section length. For three cracks with non-uniform length, the deployment way middle fracture is longer is the best. Through this simulation study, we find that there are indeed optimal parameters in fractured horizontal wells of low-permeability reservoir. Optimization of fracture parameters should be considered according to different models in actual Oilfield.
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[1] ［1］ 冷风，曾明.复杂断块深层低渗油藏中裂缝的研究及应用［J］.西部探矿工程， 2004，16（8）: 80-81.
LENG Feng, ZENG Ming. Study on crack in deep and low permeability reservoir of complicated fault-block ［J］. West-China Exploration Engineering,2004, 16（8）: 80-81.
［2］ 刘洪，张仕强，钟水清，等.裂缝性油藏注水开发水淹力学机理研究［J］.钻采工艺，2006，29（4）:57-60.
LIU Hong, ZHANG Shiqiang, ZHONG Shuiqing, et al. Study on the mechanics mechanism of watered-out in waterflooding fractured reservoir［J］. Drilling & Production Technology, 2006, 29（4）: 57-60.
［3］ 李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发［M］.北京:石油工业出版社，1997.
LI Daopin. Development of low-permeability sandstone Oilfield［M］. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press , 1997.
［4］ 黄延章.低渗透油层渗流机理［M］.北京：石油工业出版社，1998.
HUANG Yanzhang. Flow mechanism of low permeability formation［M］. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1998.
［5］ 孙庆和，何玺，李长禄.特低渗透储层微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响［J］.石油学报，2000，21（4）: 52-57.
SUN Qinghe, HE Xi, LI Changlu.The effects of microfractures for development the lowest permeability reservoir on water injection ［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000, 21（4）: 52-57.
［6］ 黄波，曾晓慧，屈怀林，等.水平裂缝油藏整体压裂改造数值模拟研究［J］.西南石油学院学报，2006，28（3）: 8-10.
HUANG Bo, ZENG Xiaohui, QU Huailin, et al. Study on numerical simulation of integral fracturing reconstruction to horizontal crack oil reservoirs［J］.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 2006, 28（3）: 8-10. ［1］ 冷风，曾明.复杂断块深层低渗油藏中裂缝的研究及应用［J］.西部探矿工程， 2004，16（8）: 80-81.
LENG Feng, ZENG Ming. Study on crack in deep and low permeability reservoir of complicated fault-block ［J］. West-China Exploration Engineering,2004, 16（8）: 80-81.
［2］ 刘洪，张仕强，钟水清，等.裂缝性油藏注水开发水淹力学机理研究［J］.钻采工艺，2006，29（4）:57-60.
LIU Hong, ZHANG Shiqiang, ZHONG Shuiqing, et al. Study on the mechanics mechanism of watered-out in waterflooding fractured reservoir［J］. Drilling & Production Technology, 2006, 29（4）: 57-60.
［3］ 李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发［M］.北京:石油工业出版社，1997.
LI Daopin. Development of low-permeability sandstone Oilfield［M］. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press , 1997.
［4］ 黄延章.低渗透油层渗流机理［M］.北京：石油工业出版社，1998.
HUANG Yanzhang. Flow mechanism of low permeability formation［M］. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1998.
［5］ 孙庆和，何玺，李长禄.特低渗透储层微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响［J］.石油学报，2000，21（4）: 52-57.
SUN Qinghe, HE Xi, LI Changlu.The effects of microfractures for development the lowest permeability reservoir on water injection ［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000, 21（4）: 52-57.
［6］ 黄波，曾晓慧，屈怀林，等.水平裂缝油藏整体压裂改造数值模拟研究［J］.西南石油学院学报，2006，28（3）: 8-10.
HUANG Bo, ZENG Xiaohui, QU Huailin, et al. Study on numerical simulation of integral fracturing reconstruction to horizontal crack oil reservoirs［J］.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 2006, 28（3）: 8-10. -
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