Abstract: Based on the dynamometer card, this paper studies the kinematic characteristics, such as standing valve leakage, traveling valve leakage, and throw off of plunger from mandrel, presents relevant mathematical models, and probes into the behavior of the pumping well under the failure conditions. The correlation of the simulating and measuring results indicates that the former can basically tell the characteristics of pumping well under various failure conditions. The simulating mathematical models can be compiled to simulation software to realize the study on kinematic characteristics of pumping well under various working conditions.