Abstract: Paper making industry is a heavy pollution industry.Since the investment for environmental control facilities is large and the running cost is high,so a large number of enterprises stealthily or brazenly discharge waste materials to produce,which brings enormous direct destruction and potential damage to the ecological environment.This paper briefly discusses the composition of the paper making black liquor,summarizing the latest progress of the technology to treat it both in China and abroad,such as the technology of alkali recovery while removing silicon,the black liquor gasification technology,the hydrogen production technology through electrolysis,and the membrane separation technology.Meanwhile,it sums up the prospect of utilizing of black liquor in tertiary oil recovery,laying emphasis on introducing the utilization of paper making black liquor in heavy oil fields,low permeability and ultra-low permeability oilfields,and fracture development oilfields.What’s more,this paper discusses the new thought of utilizing black liquor in tertiary oil recovery,pointing out that more comprehensive,functional,and self-adaptive oil field chemicals will be developed based on analyzing the characteristics of black liquor.