Abstract: This paper studies in detail the main idea and overall layout of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Energy Sector in detail, deeply analyzes the main challenges and developing opportunities of oil production engineering in the new era, and provides the basis for the 14th Five-Year Plan for oil production and production. This paper presents important reference for preparation and implementation of implementation plan of scientific and technological innovation in gas engineering. This paper introduces the achievements, challenges and technical routes that must be faced in the field of oil and gas production engineering in tackling key two deep and one fault and improving oil recovery in old oilfields and promoting digital transformation. On the basis of comparative analysis of the technical advantages and gaps in the field of current oil and gas production engineering, the necessity and solutions of reinforcing short plates and forging long plates in oil and gas production engineering are discussed. According to three batches key task arrangement of the plan, the relevant oil and gas production engineering technical fields are sorted out. On the basis of the above analysis, combined with characteristics of five major majors of oil and gas production engineering and development needs of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, from the key technologies of conventional oil and gas engineering, the key technology of unconventional oil and gas engineering, and the key to digital and intelligent upgrading of oil and gas production engineering. The four key directions of technology and key technologies of green and low-carbon safety engineering are to build the research goals and research ideas for scientific and technological innovation of oil and gas extraction engineering in the new era, and put forward corresponding safeguard measures.