Abstract: In order to improve the temperature tolerance, salt resistance and timeliness of relative permeability modifier (RPM), a new type of hydrophobically associating polymer (HHA-RPM) was synthetized by means of the solution polymerization method by taking the modified acrylamide (AM) as the main part and implanting anionic group. In addition, HHA-RPM system was prepared. Then, laboratory evaluation experiment was carried out on its temperature tolerance, salt resistance, timeliness and relative permeability improvement effect, and field application test was conducted. The laboratory experiment shows that the temperature tolerance of the system is good when the temperature is between 90 ℃ and 120 ℃. When the salt content is 1.0%, the viscosity is still remained to a certain degree, indicating its good salt resistance. After 0.05% antioxidant is added, the timeliness of this system is good. And this system can reduce water permeability effectively, but has less influence on oil permeability. The field application indicates that this system is remarkably effective in oil production increase and water production decrease. In the initial stage, the average daily oil production increase of single well is 3.61 t, and the average water cut is reduced by 17.66 percentage point.